bertha mason feminism

Seen from the perspective of feminism, their images are undeniably special and even subversive in comparison with common female characters. The book thus avoids the fact that people from all cultures would essentially have anger resulting in irrational (read unconventional) behaviour if suppressed by society and treated as a passive, second class citizen. She goes from Antoinette to Bertha, which seems the thing to do for a “madwoman.” In comparison to the 21st century, Bertha refers to a title similar to the current use of garden tool, (you can fill in the blank). Really?! Although Wide Sargasso Sea appeared as a prequel of Jane Eyre, Rhys presented a more advancing and radical feminist thought in Wide Sargasso sea, and Bertha Mason is a typical representation of woman as victim of both patriarchy and colonialism. Is it Problematic for Older White Males to Teach Courses in Diversity? This statement could be interrupted in many ways. Jane Eyre is a progressive book in many senses – far ahead of its time, it is even deemed feminist. Bertha is a 21st century woman trapped in a 1900 Victorian society. "The Fault in the Feminine Starring: Jane Eyre as the Perfectly Chaste Female and Bertha Mason as the Othered Sexual Degenerate" For its time, "Jane Eyre" was an incredibly progressive, feminist novel. Another is some likeliness of both women’s actions. She denies being his mistress leaves him and goes back to the road of self-discovery. In Biriyaani, Kani Kusruti plays the character of Khadeeja, who is in a loveless marriage with an older man and is battling the stigma around the identity of a Muslim woman in India. Bertha Mason’s madness is often attributed to her features, “red eyes”, “black hair”. Also, you must remember that His marrying Bertha was also a financial decision. I Have High-Functioning Anxiety Because Of Gender Expectations, Ram Nath Kovind And The Anti-Caste Posturings Of The BJP, In Conversation With Sarita Jenamani: The Editor Of The Anthology Still We Sing, Book Review: Gender, Space And Agency In India Edited By Anindita Datta. The character of Bertha Mason has been fully explored only in the counter narrative by Jean Rhys, a half Creole and half Welsh writer, in her book, ‘Wide Sargasso Sea’. You may have also wondered, how did Bertha Mason get there? Female madness itself seems to be associated with the demonic. The author, Charlotte Bronte herself, was certainly among the more privileged of women during the Victorian Era. Sonia, You’re right that today women can choose and not all men are like men from sixty years ago. Madness is conveniently reserved for women that do not conform to the Victorian code of conduct. Already this goes against the grain of the book: 1-Why would Mr. Rochester lock his wife up in the attic if she was not insane in the first place? Bertha certainly rebels against these types of demands, but her reasons for doing so remain unknown. When Jane sees Bertha in the middle of the night, she describes her as a “savage,” even goes to the extent compares her with a “German vampire”. Great analysis of Bertha from a 21st century/feminist perspective. Her husband feels he married into a family of idiots and maniacs because the reason for marrying Bertha centers around money — sounds familiar. Since 20 th century, when feminism appeared and flourished, Medea and Mason as classic female images have received increasingly more … It is very clear that she is from a non-white ethnicity. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. How Do International Financial Institutions Encourage Instrumentalisation? This statement could be interrupted in many ways. One prominent action which proves her a feminist was her search for identity by discarding the proposal of Mr Rochester (Byronic swagger of imaginary hero) after being known about the truth of Bertha Mason, his wife. All these descriptions form a bestial image of Bertha in the reader’s mind, even though there is no concrete proof. Here, the narrative is wrested away from Jane and given to Bertha, finally giving her a voice. A possible explanation for the scene where Bertha injures her brother when he comes to see her at Mr. Rochester’s could be that it was Mason who had tricked her into marrying Rochester. Is there a healthy medium in-between the two extremes in terms of women’s roles, both in the Victorian age and in the 21st-century? As long as they could have a “young girl…with clear eyes…[who] submit[s]” they not only keep control of society, but also what defines femininity (Bronte 317, 771). While Bertha is mad, passionate, irrational, and is being imprisoned in the attic, Jane becomes conventional, religious, sensible, and free from the red-room. Fantastic article! In reality, “Wide Sargasso Sea” says more about the time that it was written, than the book that inspired it. Author, Charlotte Bronte, uses the latter archetype in her novel, Jane Eyre (1847), through character Bertha Mason. No Oxygen To Breathe Beneath A 56-Inch Broad Chest? That is the beauty of literature for me. However, she nonetheless returns to look after him after his accident, once his wife has gone– now that Bertha has vanished and there are no double identities to merge, does Jane represent the new “angel of the house”? She is brought back to England; sealed in dark and cold attic for ten years. Author, Jean Rhys, discloses in Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), the missing history from Bertha’s life and provides the platform for Bertha to give her opinion. -(If Rochester saw her insanity as hereditary from her mother’s race (and not, simply, the MOTHER being insane), then the marriage would not have taken place, because her mixed-race background is evident in her appearance.). The men in her stories label her negatively because she refuses to submit to their “angel in the house mentality.” Bertha proves, in her own words, that the “madwoman” theory does not portray her accurately. 2. “wide sargasso sea” is a good book with a good literary quality, but not a good prequel. Victorian men, like most 21st century men, prefer submissive women with angelic qualities. Bronte’s diametrically different representations of the two characters conform to the good woman-bad woman divide. The incident enrages Rochester to lock Bertha away in his attic forever. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Marrying below one’s status is so common today, that the strongholds of society in the 19th century seem unfathomable. Thanks for reading! 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Seen from the perspective of feminism, their images are undeniably special and even subversive in comparison with common female characters. To be honest, at my second attempt (I failed at my 1st attempt) reading Jane I didn’t expect to enjoy it as much as I did. Bronte’s story describes someone of African or Hispanic descent. 21 October, 1847). She is not a victim like in “wide sargasso sea”. The possible explanation to this would be the effect that years of confinement and isolation would have had over Bertha. The fact that she is a Creole, is only brushed in the book, and most of the time Jane is convinced that the mad woman is actually Grace, an English woman. Her gender makes it easier for Rochester to discard her as a madwoman and lock her up later. All antithetical to Victorian values, by the way. However, your comments here are definitely making me rethink how the whole plot works. Bertha stands as a crusader for the 21st century’s independent woman. I love Jane Eyre, and I’ve always loved that for once, a romance novel features a somewhat plain protagonist. As she lived in a time when women were not encouraged to write, Charlotte Bronte wrote under the pseudonym Currer Bell to avoid being ostracized by society, and to avoid being badly received by the audience because the book was written by a ‘woman’. Try locking away a 21st century woman, and she too, will adopt the angry prisoner mentality. LoL, I fell in love with with the story after reading Jane Austen. Conclusion: it is a dangerous thing to brush off severe mental illness described in a book as a mere misunderstood woman of color. Quoting Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Meyer argues that Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason represent two distinct leagues of feminism. The novel, Jane Eyre, describes the transformation from childhood to adulthood of an orphaned girl named Jane. Bertha Mason is described as a woman of Creole descent. These are just some of my thoughts and questions, but thank you for the thought-provoking article! the determined women who fueled feminism in the 1960s and 1970s, these madwomen rebel against the strictures of patriarchal authority. After one reads the counter narrative in Wide Sargasso Sea, it becomes impossible to not see through the ‘implied’ madness of Bertha, but giving no account of it and no voice to her, a propaganda to suppress a woman in the very book that focuses on Jane’s years of effort to attain financial and social independence, and even in marriage, making sure that there’s mutual dependency between the two (by virtue of one’s gender, and other’s blindness). To Kill a Mockingbird covers several themes that are often uncomfortable to encounter and explore, such as racism and loss of innocence. Over the course of the decade where Jane speaks of her life with Rochester, not once does Bertha speak. Glad I was able to provide a different outlook for you. 2. If given the choice, they would choose the woman who willingly accepts the role of the docile homemaker over an independent woman in control. This book is amazing from start to finish and I found myself thinking about it whenever I couldn’t get to it to carry on reading. Bertha Mason, is portrayed as the alter ego of the orphaned girl, Jane Eyre. Bertha Mason (full name Bertha Antoinetta Mason ) is a fictional character in Charlotte Brontë's 1847 novel Jane Eyre. Of course, that’s my opinion. The sexual repression, social isolation and emotional trauma that Bertha undergoes after being betrayed and cheated on by Rochester are shown by Jean Rhys in Wide Sargasso Sea as reasons responsible for Bertha’s (supposed) madness. This male conceived aesthetic ideal causes women to consider themselves as insignificant and lacking substance due to the suppressing of their true character. Having moved to Europe at the age of sixteen, Rhys went on to publish a number of successful works, including After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1930), Voyage in the Dark (1934) and Good Morning, Midnight (1939). On this Victorian hypocrisy, Freud rightly said, “Victorians pretend like sex doesn’t exist in the society.”. The movie does not capture the true awkwardness of Jane and totally goes overboard with Bertha. Femininity simply involves the qualities of being female, but in the Victorian society it involves many more characteristics. Her actions seem beyond that of an “angel” because she refuses to accept a lifestyle not conducive to her beliefs. This statement could be interrupted in … She is a feminist writer who contradicts the norms of her society and creates a protagonist who is also rebellious and seeking for her self-realization, in a period of time considered woman as a man’s toy, who has no rights or voice, she is in man’s service without Remember when she goes into Jane’s room a night before her wedding? Biriyani, screened at the 11th Indian Film Festival, Bhubaneshwar, is a stark reminder of the relative, and absolute position of a woman, within the Muslim samajam, society in Kerala today. Often times, women of today fail to see that they have a choice. Sure, except for the fact that if she were to abandon her marriage she would probably die from starvation because the marital wealth belongs to the husband. Eventually, the madwoman, Bertha Mason, commits suicide, and Jane marries Mr Rochester. Her portrayal as an insane bestial woman is further problematic as a case of racial prejudice. The politics of feminism in Jane Eyre is quite complex in nature, simply because a number of related factors are interwoven in the plot. If Bertha represents Rochester’s attempt to lock Bertha way for failing to be “angel of the house” (in fact, she almost transforms into a demonic figure, biting the neck of her own brother, George Mason, and haunting the rooms at night in fire and darkness), is Rochester’s first attempt to marry Jane an attempt to transform Jane into that “angel of the house”? In recounting the history of their relationship, Rochester, in Jane Eyre, says: “I thought I loved her… Her relatives encouraged me; competitors piqued me; she allured me… Oh, I have no respect for myself when I think of that act! Hi Maria! Wow, thank you for this article! She leaves rather than live a life catering to his wishes of being, essentially, his mistress. Bertha’s death increases the mystery even more. It is too bad Charlotte does not describe the beginnings of the mental illness, but she correctly points out that some severe mental issues are often hereditary. It also talks about how men and women should have an equal say in society and how women should not be considered as ‘passive objects’. Screenfice covers the latest Film & TV news. The novel, Jane Eyre, describes the transformation from childhood to adulthood of an orphaned girl named Jane. She does not understand nor have the wherewithal to comply with the imprisonment inflicted upon her. Wide Sargasso Sea was a fantastic “prequel”, shall we say. Her captivity and desire for freedom causes an attack on someone with a knife because they will not help her escape to freedom. -Because she “does not conform to the Victorian code of conduct”? I agree with the previous commenter, that Wide Sargasso Sea has nothing to do with Bronte’s book. The difference is that women of the pre-1970 era work menial jobs and suffer many inequalities. Women are seen in a different light if they are the ones who go outside the marriage. […] of mentally ill individuals are considered less harsh then taking them in the asylums. Bertha Mason is even further substandard as she lacks the ability to control her own morality and mind; she is for that reason dubbed the “madwoman” and stripped of all her human rights. Sounds like everything Bertha is not. I love this article and need to reference it in my major work for Year 12 and was hoping you could tell me/email me your full name? Bertha, through her suicide, rejects the confinement that she had been subjected to. Rochester’s father did what most people do today, consider marriage when trying to secure finances instead of love. Cite. Bookbyte Digital. For the most part, His father’s financial instability caused Rochester’s bitterness and anger towards Bertha. Jane Eyre: Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego. Jane Eyre revolves around the life of a simple, ‘plain’ yet intelligent, orphaned girl who struggles with internal and external battles before she comes to accept that she loves her employer Mr Rochester, who is double her age, and from an upper class background. This is a well-thought out analysis of Bertha, who can certainly be a very overlooked character in many initial readings of “Jane Eyre.” I appreciated how you made reference to the ambiguity of Bertha’s race, and it made me think about the potential consequences of Bronte’s depiction of Bertha as a Creole on the “madwoman” characterization. Other analysis consider Bertha a White-Caribbean. I think its past time for a re-read. What Are Gender-Responsive Public Services? In this paper, two characters, namely Medea in Euripides’ Medea and Bertha Mason in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, are chosen to explore the female images in love and revenge stories. Prove you are human, type cats in singular form below: The Artifice is a long-form writing platform that covers a wide spectrum of art forms. Amol Palekar's movie Anaahat (2003), a Marathi film (Anaahat means Eternity), poses several questions about Niyog Pratha and emphasises on a woman's choice to explore her sexual freedom. She was a committee member in many groups including the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and National Council of Women of Great Britain. Once a woman marries, she becomes subjugate to the “angel in the house” theory. Even in death, Bertha is seeking only emancipation that has been snatched away from her by locking her up in the attic. I am a latecomer to Jane Eyre as well and I am now wondering what the hell took me so long. She jumps off the house, openly affirming her identity – one last time. This infidelity causes Rochester to consider Bertha “intemperate and unchaste” because intimacy outside of marriage is adultery. Even the rumours that go around regarding the presence of a strange woman in the house are of women who do not essentially fit into the Victorian ideal women, such as a “cast-off mistress” of Rochester, a “bastard” sister. The novel takes place in early nineteenth-century Jamaica, post-emancipation. Through a re-thinking of Bertha from a feminist perspective, Bertha, who serves as an obstacle to Jane’s happiness in Jane Eyre, is realized, particularly in Wide Sargasso Sea, as a victim of patriarchy and colonialism. Bertha Mason, is portrayed as the alter ego of the orphaned girl, Jane Eyre. I also think it would be interesting to view Bertha as a “madwoman” through the lens of Victorian medicine, especially attitudes towards mental illness. While it was Rochester’s dad who pressurized him into marrying Bertha in order to gain control over her property (Rochester agrees because he is also stupefied by her beauty), on Bertha’s side it was her aunt and brother who convinced her to marry this man from a strange land in order to save her rights over her property. #MyBodyMyMethod: Because Contraception Matters! Author, Wilson Harris, believes Bertha’s captivity “is no less than a hidden surrender of life…” (Rhys 192). As I started to change out of that “angels of the house” role I was enmeshed in, my circle of friends that were also caught up in their submissive housewife rolls considered me a “madwoman”. Rochester truly tried everything, and did not banish his wife even after attempt for his life. Even the rumours that go around regarding the presence of a strange woman in the house are of women who do not essentially fit into the Victorian ideal women, such as a “cast-off mistress” of Rochester, a “bastard” sister. Gotta love woman empowerment! I read Jane Eyre in high school, but didn’t give much weight to Bertha. Whilst Victorian men undoubtedly desired women to be the “angels of the house”, I think it’s a little harsh to throw “most 21st century men” into the same category (that is, assuming we’re talking about Western-cultured men?). Even though Jane Eyre is a revolutionary book for its time and relevant even today, it has some elements that are problematic like confining women into only two possible boxes: one, like Jane, curtailed over the years to fit into the conventional Victorian, ‘angel of the house’, the other Bertha, suffering her confinement and being eventually pushed towards madness, ‘madwoman in the attic’, two terms used by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar in a reading of Jane Eyre, their very famous essay ‘The Madwoman in the Attic’. One being-for an example- Bertha being a symbol and representation of Jane’s feeling in regard to the situation of her marrying Rochester. It is striking that Bertha is never allowed to speak for herself. Whenever a female character in literature depicts this type of behavior she becomes society’s outcast. As Elaine Showalter notes, "To contemporary feminist critics, Bertha Mason has become a paradigmatic figure" (1985, 68). The binary opposition of the two women concretizes a psychic split that, ironically, connects them: Jane is the angel only because Bertha is the monster. Through feminism, the story of Bertha Mason was rebuilt. Some researchers consider Bertha a raging lunatic who deserves exile from society due to her physical features alone. The ‘madness of Bertha’ has influenced society’s perception and awareness of mental […], […] The Madwoman In The Attic: How “Mad” Was Bertha Mason In Jane Eyre? She is described as the violently insane first wife of Edward Rochester, who moved her to Thornfield Hall and locked her in a room on the third floor. I’m glad you enjoyed it. As time passed, I began to be more like Bertha. Ninety-percent of the 21st century’s society would be locked away by Rochester’s reasoning. Before understanding why Bertha’s husband considers her a madwoman, her perspective needs evaluation. The truth is, Bertha’s mother does not actually suffer from madness, but heartbreak due to the death of her young son, Pierre, who dies in a fire. Your opinion was very insightful, I might add;). The issues you mention are very valid, in Victorian society and I would say in today’s society as well. For example, Lucy Westerna, in Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), has beauty, wealth and her choice of any man she desires. 2-Rochester stated that Bertha’s mother was insane, but was not made aware of this until after the wedding, implying the insanity was hereditary. Bronte profiles Bertha as the quintessential “madwoman”, which, coincidentally equals the 21st century’s independent woman. Putting the above arguments aside, let’s indulge in the possibility that Bertha was “eventually pushed towards madness” and not initially mad. Jane takes great measures to lead the reader into believing in the madness of Bertha. A biased account of Jane only associates Bertha with a “hysterical” and “demonic” laughter, in an attempt to convince the readers of a flesh eating animal like presence in the house. Bertha’s existence is so averse to 19th century standards that even her husband changes her name to depict her attitude. Jane Eyre: Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego. Thanks for reading, and Wide Sargasso Sea is a very interesting read. In Rhys’s novel, Rochester’s decision to call Antoinette ‘Bertha’ is just one of the acts of violence, both … “Jane Eyre” along with “The Awakening” by Kate Chopin, opened my eyes as a grown woman and catapulted me into serious change. It operates independently with the writers collaboratively building and maintaining the platform. The Madwoman In The Attic: How “Mad” Was Bertha Mason In Jane... Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), The #GBVinMedia Campaign: Media Reportage Of Gender-Based Violence, #IndiaAgainstCAA: Anti-CAA Content by FII, #IndianWomenInHistory: Remembering The Untold Legacies of Indian Women. The Crowdsourced List Of Social Justice Collectives Across Indian Campuses | #CampusSJC, How To Write About Abortion: A Rights-Based Approach To Talking Abortion, In Conversation With Sarita Jenamani: The Editor Of The Anthology Still…, Boyish: Attempting To Break Rigid Hetero-Masculinities, One Essay At A Time, Book Review: Gender, Space And Agency In India Edited By Anindita…, Film Review: Netflix’s Newest Anthology Ajeeb Daastaans. The submissive woman signifies an “angel in the house” because her goal in life is to please her husband and rear their children. Nowadays, the paradox of Rochester’s actions is a woman wanting to lock her husband in the attic. But the interesting fact is, there are not enough instances to prove it. Quoting Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Meyer argues that Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason represent two distinct leagues of feminism. In this paper, two characters, namely Medea in Euripides’ Medea and Bertha Mason in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre , are chosen to explore the female images in love and revenge stories. I don’t like another version with characters totally differents. portrayal of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea. As a feminist and anti-colonial response, she wrote Wide Sargasso Sea which is a prequel to Jane Eyre. Further to Bronte’s defense, she does not confine women “into only two possible boxes: …‘angel of the house’, …‘madwoman in the attic’,” since Bertha is not the only character shown in a negative light: Victorian women (and men) are shown to be cruel, unfair, prideful, or given to vice (Mrs. Fairfax, Mr. Brocklehurst, Ms. Ingram, and Grace Poole, respectively). All we learn about Bertha is either through Rochester’s description of her madness, or Jane’s biased (because she is the leading lady and in love with Rochester) perception of her. Follow FII channels on Youtube and Telegram for latest updates. Bertha Mason, is portrayed as the alter ego Bertha’s behavior culminates from experiencing life in a prison without bars after many years of a wealthy lifestyle. Seems you’ve never actually read “Jane Eyre”. Bertha Mason (1855 – 1939) was an English suffragist and temperance campaigner. She felt so unexplained, a convenient plot point. I read this book only in the middle of the night merely in the hope to “cure” my insomnia. I am definitely referencing this in my essay. The “madwoman in the attic” represents a female who has an irrepressible level of rebellion towards patriarchal standards of women. Having said that, there are of course some silly men out there who expect women to be the “angel” and not the “madwoman”. We are shown how white women, (Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte) though plain, control the narrative of a non-white character, and how her subdued narrative is finally reclaimed by a woman of her own origin, Jean Rhys. Although, she grew up in a lifestyle that consists of the pampering and freedom of a 21st century woman, her marrying a European in Victorian times causes her demise. This statement could be interrupted in many ways. No. Bronte has not allowed madness to linger in pure European blood or to attribute madness to it. ... famous in literary criticism because her situation supplied the title and central theory of a major 1979 book of feminist criticism, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. that’s not her point. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1966). You are grossly exaggerating the possibility of her just being vulgar and vivacious, and simply ignoring the fact, that she truly is mentally insane. Jane of course begins her life being likewise labeled as mentally unstable, and yet at the novel’s conclusion she has (happily and of her own free will) adopted the angel of the house role by marrying Rochester and rearing a child. Bronte, Charlotte, Jane Eyre (Apple iBook. Thankfully, the idea of the submissive woman has changed tremendously since Bronte’s 19th century novel. These Are The 15 Women Who Helped Draft The Indian Constitution, Gender Roles And Stereotyping In ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’, Anaahat (2003): Niyog Pratha & Women’s Sexual Freedom In Amol Palekar’s Film, In Conversation With Dr Padma Rammoorthy: The Founder Of MedHealth TV, Carol Rossetti’s Women Series Now In Indian Languages. (Note: While Bertha gains emancipation only through death, Jane, being the protagonist gains it from a relationship with mutual dependence.). I’d like to note that I don’t support Twilight in any way, but I do enjoy finding ways it subverts and deconstructs itself). Bertha’s strong-willed personality and need for independence does not align with that of a heartbroken mother with a flirtatious personality. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. While Jane is a sober and progressive woman capable of bettering her situation on her own accord, Bertha Mason is a compulsive character, almost an obstacle character, lying beyond the scope of self-improvement or redemption. The Jean’s characters aren’t like Charlotte’s characters. you can’t take as an example the book ” wide sargasso sea” because it’s not what Charlotte had in her mind. Rhys, Jean, Wide Sargasso Sea ( Norton Critical Edition. One being-for an example- Bertha being a symbol and representation of Jane’s feeling in regard to the situation of her marrying Rochester. Victorian women purposely receive minimal education and aim for financial stability which they believe only occurs through marriage.

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